离网户用储能系统，是指安装在家庭及类家庭场景、在系统设计与运行逻辑上可长期不依赖公共电网供电的独立用能系统，通常以光伏发电与电化学储能（以锂离子电池体系为主）为核心，配合逆变器、MPPT、BMS/EMS以及配电与安全保护模块，在用户侧构建集发电、储电、用电管理于一体的微型电力系统。相较传统依托公共电网的家庭用能方式，其核心价值在于能源独立性、供电韧性与对多元场景的适配能力。
全球离网户用储能系统行业总体呈现两条主线并行的演进：一方面，在电网覆盖不足或供电质量较弱的新兴市场，太阳能与储能解决方案长期承担能源可及与用能升级的关键角色，离网户用储能系统已成为推动普惠电力与用能升级的重要技术路径。另一方面，在成熟市场，能源价格波动与极端天气造成的停电风险提升，带动居民对自发自用以及备电韧性的关注度上升，住宅光伏与户用电池装机在能源危机背景下显著增长，离网户用储能系统正由点状的应急备电以及偏远供电方案向可复制、可扩展的家庭级能源基础设施加速演进，行业渗透率与应用边界将持续拓展。
离网户用储能系统的综合优势体现在：（1）在偏远、弱电网或无电网地区，是实现从无电到有电、从低质量供电到稳定供电的可行路径；在发达地区则可显著提升家庭与小型场所的供电安全冗余，增强对停电、限电等不确定性的对冲能力。（2）在经济性层面，可在特定区域替代高成本、长周期的集中式输配电扩建或高燃料成本的分散式燃油发电，通过“就地发电+本地储能”优化全生命周期成本。（3）具备高度的场景灵活性，支持模块化、渐进式扩容与跨场景迁移复用，并可在以光伏为主能源时兼顾低噪音与低排放属性。（4）随着 BMS/EMS、远程监控与智能调度能力提升，行业正由一次性硬件交付向“硬件+软件+服务”的综合能源解决方案演进，用户的全生命周期价值有望进一步提升。
在适用场景方面，离网户用储能系统已从传统的单一应急备电扩展为多元化应用体系。在住宅与度假物业场景中，广泛应用于偏远乡村自建房、岛屿住宅、山区小木屋与农庄，结合当地光照条件与负载特征进行系统设计，可实现较高比例的自给供电与长期稳定运行；在移动与休闲场景中，为房车、游艇、高端露营营地等提供安静、清洁且可扩展的电力保障；在应急与救灾场景中，为灾后应急指挥、移动医疗点、临时通信基站快速提供可靠电源；在无人值守与特殊环境场景中，如边防哨所、极地科考站和远程监测节点，依靠高可靠性和远程运维能力实现长期独立运行。随着全球用户能源独立意识提升和新兴市场的电气化需求释放，加之中国在电芯、逆变器和系统集成领域的显著成本与供应链优势，全球离网户用储能系统行业有望成为新型储能版图中兼具技术创新活力与市场扩张空间的关键赛道。
Off-grid residential energy storage systems refer to independent energy systems installed in households and household-like settings that, by system design and operating logic, can operate long term without reliance on the public power grid. They typically take photovoltaic (PV) generation and electrochemical energy storage (predominantly lithium-ion batteries) as the core, together with inverters, MPPT, BMS/EMS, and power distribution and safety protection modules, to build on the user side a compact power system that integrates power generation, energy storage, and electricity-use management. Compared with traditional household energy use that depends on the public grid, their core value lies in energy independence, power supply resilience, and the capability to adapt to a wide range of scenarios.
The global off-grid residential energy storage industry is evolving along two main tracks. On the one hand, in emerging markets where grid coverage is insufficient or power supply quality is weak, solar and energy storage solutions have played a critical role in energy access and end-use upgrading; off-grid residential energy storage systems have become an important technological pathway for advancing broad-based electricity access and improving energy use. On the other hand, in mature markets, rising energy price volatility and increasing outage risks caused by extreme weather are driving stronger household attention to self-generation/self-consumption and backup resilience. Against the backdrop of energy crises, residential PV and home battery deployments have grown significantly, and off-grid residential energy storage systems are accelerating from point-specific emergency backup and remote power solutions toward replicable and scalable household-level energy infrastructure, with industry penetration and application boundaries expected to continue expanding.
The comprehensive advantages of off-grid residential energy storage systems include: (1) In remote areas, weak-grid regions, or areas without grid access, they represent a feasible pathway from no electricity to electricity, and from low-quality supply to stable supply; in developed regions, they can significantly increase power supply safety redundancy for households and small sites, strengthening the ability to withstand uncertainties such as outages and power rationing. (2) From an economic perspective, in specific regions they can replace high-cost, long-cycle centralized transmission and distribution expansion, or decentralized diesel generation with high fuel costs, optimizing lifecycle cost through “local generation + local storage”. (3) They offer strong scenario flexibility, supporting modular and progressive capacity expansion as well as cross-scenario migration and reuse, and when PV is the primary energy source, they also deliver low-noise and low-emission characteristics. (4) As BMS/EMS, remote monitoring, and intelligent dispatch capabilities continue to improve, the industry is evolving from one-off hardware delivery toward integrated energy solutions of “hardware + software + services”, and users’ full-lifecycle value is expected to further increase.
In terms of applicable scenarios, off-grid residential energy storage systems have expanded from traditional single-purpose emergency backup to a diversified application system. In residential and vacation property scenarios, they are widely used in remote rural self-built homes, island residences, mountain cabins, and farms. With system design tailored to local solar resource conditions and load characteristics, they can achieve a relatively high share of self-supplied electricity and stable long-term operation. In mobile and leisure scenarios, they provide quiet, clean, and scalable power supply for RVs, yachts, and premium camping sites. In emergency and disaster relief scenarios, they can rapidly provide reliable power for post-disaster emergency command, mobile medical points, and temporary communications base stations. In unattended and special-environment scenarios such as border outposts, polar research stations, and remote monitoring nodes, they rely on high reliability and remote O&M capabilities to enable long-term independent operation. With rising global awareness of energy independence and the continued release of electrification demand in emerging markets, together with China’s notable cost and supply-chain advantages in battery cells, inverters, and system integration, the global off-grid residential energy storage industry is expected to become a key track in the new energy storage sector, combining strong momentum for technological innovation with ample room for market expansion.
