Molecular diagnosis has become one of the important solutions in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment. From early screening and early diagnosis tools for high-risk and healthy populations, to molecular typing of tumors, precise medication guidance for advanced tumor patients, to detecting tiny residual lesions in tumor patients to assess recurrence risk, the clinical application value of molecular diagnosis is gradually permeating into the intervention and management of the entire tumor life cycle.
In recent years, the tumor molecular diagnosis industry has shown a good development trend in terms of technological development, policy support, market demand, and industrial cooperation. Molecular diagnostic companies are applying their research and development achievements to practical clinical applications, continuously strengthening themselves in technology research and development, product quality, service levels, etc., to continuously promote the emergence of higher-quality tumor molecular diagnosis products that better meet the precise clinical needs and benefit the public.
Frost & SullivanFrost & Sullivan, hereinafter referred to as 'Frost & Sullivan', has authored the 'Blue Book on the Development of Tumor Molecular Diagnostics Industry' (hereinafter referred to as the 'Blue Book'), aiming to analyze the current state of the tumor molecular diagnostics industry, track the development context of the industry and technology, tap into the huge potential of industry development, and analyze the driving factors behind market development, in order to provide reference for participants and stakeholders in the tumor molecular diagnostics track.
On March 26th, Frost & Sullivan held an online press conference for the release of the 'Blue Book on the Development of Tumor Molecular Diagnostics Industry', interpreting and sharing the 'Blue Book'. Representatives from enterprises in the tumor molecular diagnostics industry were also invited to discuss hot topics such as research and development challenges and technological innovation in tumor molecular diagnostics.
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Overview of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis Industry
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Introduction to Tumor Molecular Diagnosis
Tumor molecular diagnosis involves analyzing molecular markers in tumor cells or related biological specimens, utilizing molecular biology and genetics techniques and methods to apply molecular-level information to tumor diagnosis and treatment decisions. For example, genes, proteins,Diagnostic methods such as DNA modification are used to determine tumor type, predict patient prognosis, guide treatment selection, and monitor treatment responses. According to their purpose, tumor molecular diagnosis mainly includes early screening and diagnosis of tumors, incidental tumor detection, and monitoring of tumor recurrence.
02
The development process and technical composition of tumor molecular diagnosis
From a technical perspective, the main sub-specialties of tumor molecular diagnosis include fluorescence in situ hybridization technology (FISH), Polymerase Chain Reaction technology (PCR), gene chips, and gene sequencing each have different focuses in application, collectively forming the technical foundation for tumor molecular diagnosis.
The 'Blue Book' sorts out the development history of tumor molecular diagnostic technologies, the principles of sub-specialized techniques, iterative directions, and application fields. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
03
Policies and regulatory background related to tumor molecular diagnosis
In March 2015, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China convened the country's first Precision Medicine Strategy Expert Conference and officially launched the China Precision Medicine Program. The conference clearly stated that China plans to invest 60 billion yuan in the field of precision medicine by 2030. In the same month, China released the list of the first batch of clinical pilot units for high-throughput gene sequencing technology in tumor diagnosis and treatment projects. Subsequently, in documents on biological industry and technological innovation specifications including the '13th Five-Year Plan', gene testing has been listed as a key development focus for emerging industries, promoting its clinical application in early screening for major diseases, personalized treatment, and achieving precise prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in prenatal fetal rare disease screening, tumors, genetic diseases, etc. In addition, since 2018, China has successively introduced a series of policies regarding the clinical application of anti-tumor drugs, emphasizing the core role of molecular diagnostic technologies represented by gene testing in the use of anti-tumor drugs, providing strong support for the in-depth development of precision medicine.
The 'Blue Book' sorts out the policies and regulatory background related to tumor molecular diagnosis. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
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Analysis of the Current Situation of the Tumor Molecular Diagnosis Industry Chain
The upstream segment of the tumor molecular diagnostics industry chain mainly consists of suppliers of testing instruments, consumables, and raw materials. The midstream segment includes providers of testing products or services. The downstream segment comprises end-users such as medical institutions at all levels, research organizations, pharmaceutical companies, third-party testing institutions, health check-up centers, and individual consumers.
The 'Blue Book' sorts out the situation of the tumor molecular diagnosis industry chain. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Note: This is an example of some companies in the industry only.
Source: Analysis by Frost & Sullivan
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Market Size Analysis of Molecular Diagnosis
In the Chinese medical device market in 2022, the IVD industry accounted for the largest share, about 17.2%. Among them, molecular diagnostics is an important branch of the IVD industry. Compared with other major in vitro diagnostic methods, molecular diagnostics has an obvious advantage in terms of detection sensitivity and accuracy because it can conduct testing at the genetic level. On the other hand, molecular diagnostics has unique application advantages in areas such as infectious disease detection and personalized tumor diagnosis and treatment. It can achieve detection capabilities that are difficult to achieve with biochemical and immunological diagnoses, such as identifying viruses at the early stage of infection or confirming genetic defects earlier. Its clinical and research application market is huge, so it has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2022, when broken down by sub-sectors according to the Chinese IVD market scale, molecular diagnostics ranked second after immunological diagnosis as the largest IVD sub-segment, accounting for more than one-fifth.
Source: Analysis by Frost & Sullivan
The 'Blue Book' sorts out the global and Chinese market sizes of molecular diagnostics; it also conducts a market size analysis of China's tumor molecular diagnosis and testing industry. While reflecting the current development status of the tumor molecular diagnosis and testing market, it makes forward-looking predictions on the future market growth space. For more detailed content, please refer to the complete report.
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Analysis of the Application Level of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis
Early tumor screening and diagnosis
Comparison of cancer incidence, mortality rates, and overall five-year cancer survival rates between China and the United States
By comparing the cancer prevalence between China and the United States, it can be found that the incidence of cancer in the United States is much higher than that in China.In 2022, the cancer incidence rate per million people in the United States reached 5,755, while in China it was 3,407. In terms of mortality rate, in 2022 the cancer mortality rate per million people in the United States reached 1,828, while China surpassed the United States in this number, reaching 2,039 per million people.
Source: Literature search, Frost & Sullivan analysis
According to the National Cancer Center's statistical analysis of cancer survival rates in China, the overall five-year survival rate for all diagnosed cancers in China is fromThe growth rate from 30.9% in 2003-2005 to 40.5% in 2012-2015. Although the quality of medical care and diagnostic capabilities in our country have been continuously improving, there is still room for improvement compared to developed countries. From 2011-2017, the five-year survival rate of cancer patients in the United States reached 67.7%. Looking at the five-year survival rate data for various cancer types, whether it is relatively easier to treat cancers with better prognosis such as thyroid cancer and breast cancer, or highly treatable and malignant pancreatic cancer and liver cancer, the United States has higher rates than China.
Etiological prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, and clinical treatment constitute the three-tiered system of cancer prevention and control. The gap between China and the United States in mortality rates and overall five-year cancer survival rates is mainly due to differences in their cancer diagnosis and treatment systems. The United States invests more in healthcare expenditures, promotes precision oncology, provides more scientific whole-life-cycle management for patients, and patients widely use advanced therapies represented by targeted and immunotherapy drugs.
Analysis of the Distribution Differences in Cancer Stages at Diagnosis between Chinese and American Patients with Various Cancers
The National Cancer Registry of China, in collaboration with the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, analyzedElectronic medical records of cancer patients registered with hospitals in 23 regions across 12 provinces of China from January 2016 to December 2017, as well as records from cancer registration centers. The study found that 52.8% of patients with lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, and female breast cancer were already in the advanced stage (III-IV) at diagnosis. In a comparative study between China and the United States, the diagnosis rate for stage I breast cancer was 51.2% in the US versus 27.6% in China, stage I colorectal cancer was 24.1% in the US versus 15.2% in China, and stage I lung cancer was 25.3% in the US versus 17.3% in China. In the field of esophageal cancer, early diagnosis is better in China than in the US, with the diagnosis rate for stage I esophageal cancer being 18.7% in China versus 13.8% in the US.
Source: Literature search, Frost & Sullivan analysis
Introduction to early tumor screening and diagnosis, and analysis of traditional early screening and diagnostic methods for common cancers
Ideally, in the precancerous stage of tumors, rapid and simple methods should be employed to screen out high-risk groups from the target population who have not yet developed symptoms, and appropriate clinical interventions and treatments should be carried out to contain tumors at the primary site. This can essentially reduce the risk of incidence, especially for cancers with high incidence and mortality rates and long development cycles.
The main technical routes for early tumor screening and diagnosis include radiological imaging, serological proteomics, cytological diagnosis, and liquid biopsy. With relatively clear recommended screening and diagnostic methods already availableAmong the 14 common cancers, 12 require imaging radiological examinations such as CT and X-rays, as well as endoscopic examinations. However, imaging tests and endoscopic examinations require specialized practicing physicians, technicians, and nursing staff. Moreover, endoscopic examinations require anesthesiologists for painless procedures due to patient compliance issues, making them a resource-intensive method. In China, there is a relative shortage of personnel in imaging and anesthesiology departments.
Overview of Liquid Biopsy Technology
Liquid biopsy technology, based on molecular diagnostic techniques, takes non-solid biological tissues such as blood, urine, or feces as samples. By detecting biomarkers in the samples, it is safe and non-invasive, and a single test can cover multiple cancer types. In addition, due to the high heterogeneity of malignant tumors, liquid biopsy can reflect the entire genomic landscape of the tumor, reducing the bias caused by tumor heterogeneity in diagnosis while reflecting the dynamic changes in tumor development.
Liquid biopsy mainly detects circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor-derived markers derived from the tumor site.DNA and exosomes are used to determine the genetic mutation status of tumors. Research on ctDNA mutation information mainly focuses on methylation, base mutations, and copy number variations. Among them, abnormal ctDNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic modifications driving cancer development and often occurs in the early stages of cancer progression. Compared with other indicators, ctDNA methylation has a larger number of characteristic sites, is tissue- or cancer-specific, can take into account both signal abundance and intensity, and has good stability and consistency. Currently, it is the mainstream technical route for liquid biopsy.
Source: Literature search, Frost & Sullivan analysis
The 'Blue Book' includes an overview of colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer, diagnostic pathways, molecular diagnostic target gene analysis, and summarizes the information on marketed products for early screening and diagnosis in various cancer types, as well as information on manufacturers. In addition, the 'Blue Book' analyzes the technical routes and suitable populations for pan-cancer early screening and diagnosis, sorts out the current layout progress of domestic enterprises in the field of pan-cancer types. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Analysis of market drivers and industry development trends for early tumor screening and diagnosis
Accelerating the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer is a major policy guideline in China aimed at improving cancer treatment effectiveness and reducing the burden of cancer diseases.In 2017, the General Office of the State Council also specifically emphasized the importance of early screening and treatment for cancer in the 'Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Plan'. In 2022, the 'Healthy China 2030' Plan Outline proposed to strengthen key technological breakthroughs in cancer prevention and control, precision medicine, and smart healthcare. This has promoted the application of precision diagnostic technology in the field of early tumor screening, laid the foundation for the implementation of early tumor screening and diagnosis products developed by precision diagnostic technology providers, and further increased support for the development of precision tumor early screening.
From the demand side, as people's living standards continue to improve and their awareness of health management gradually rises, early screening and diagnosis help individuals understand their disease risks. By making early lifestyle interventions, they can reduce the risk of developing diseases. These benefits will lead more consumers to choose early tumor screening and diagnosis, thereby keeping track of their own health conditions. Especially among high-risk groups such as those with a family history of cancer, early screening to determine the onset of disease and reduce the cancer burden is an important factor driving the development of the early tumor screening and diagnosis market.
At the technical level, with the upgrade of high-throughput biotechnology, multi-omics detection is rapidly developing. The use of various omics technologies to characterize different but complementary biological information, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, involves detecting multiple biomarkers such asctDNA point mutations, ctDNA fragmentation, ctDNA methylation, protein markers, etc., are used to further improve the detection performance of early screening and diagnosis products. Among them, ctDNA mutations are usually combined with other characteristics for multi-omics detection. As multi-omics research continues to deepen, the analysis dimensionality of tumor signaling molecules will become more comprehensive, which is expected to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of screening. In addition, bioinformatics methods are gradually integrating into the detection process of liquid biopsy, interpreting and comprehensively analyzing complex information through bioinformatics statistical analysis and machine learning technologies. Currently, many tumor early screening and diagnosis products under research have applied multi-omics and machine learning methods.
The commercialization of early tumor screening and diagnosis products continues to be explored. The 'Blue Book' comprehensively sorts out the industry development trends in the field of tumor molecular diagnostics from aspects such as commercial channels, application scenarios, business models, overseas expansion, payment models, etc. In addition, the 'Blue Book' also presents the changes in the market scale of early tumor screening and diagnosis and its future development trends. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Tumor-associated diagnosis
Analysis of the Clinical Value of Tumor Comorbidities
Companion diagnostics are a product of tumor treatment entering the precision phase of targeted and immunotherapy. Companion diagnostics screen out the most suitable population for targeted medication by measuring the expression levels of variant genes or proteins in the human body, and then carry out personalized treatment based on the results, thereby reducing the risk of drug use and improving the effectiveness of treatment.
Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Novel Antitumor DrugsThe 2022 edition) indicates that companion diagnostics for anti-tumor targeted drugs are necessary, with 47 drugs requiring companion diagnostics, accounting for nearly 50% of all anti-tumor targeted drugs. In the field of immunotherapy, the 'Chinese Clinical Pathology Expert Consensus on PD-L1 Expression Detection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer' points out that PD-L1 expression testing can serve as a companion diagnostic to guide the treatment decision-making of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 monoclonal antibody drugs, which is of great significance for clinicians in formulating treatment plans and predicting treatment efficacy.
Source: Analysis by Frost & Sullivan
Analysis of the Role of Targeted and Immunotherapy Combinations with Companion Diagnostics in Objective Response Rate
Targeted drugs and tumor immunotherapy may face challenges in cancer treatment due to individual differences among patients, where different individuals can experience significant disparities in therapeutic benefits from the same targeted drug. Patients using targeted drugs and tumor immunotherapy may develop resistance and other related issues. In the clinical use of targeted drugs and immunotherapy, it is crucial to accurately identify clinically beneficial populations and intervene accordingly.
According toData published by Jørgensen and Hersom show that concomitant diagnosis can effectively improve the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted and immunotherapy drugs. Among the major targeted and immunotherapy drugs approved globally, those with concomitant diagnostic treatment regimens have an objective response rate (ORR) ranging from 41.0% to 80.2%, while those without concomitant diagnostic treatment have an ORR of only 6.8% to 45.0%. Using concomitant diagnosis for mutation gene testing and precision phenotyping can accurately screen out drugs sensitive to patients and provide a basis for decision-making on subsequent medication options for resistant patients.
The 'Blue Book' analyzes the application of companion diagnostics in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, and summarizes information on marketed products and research and development manufacturers. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Analysis of market drivers and industry development trends for tumor companion diagnostics
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy can avoid serious side effects associated with traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, thereby improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment.In 2022, the proportion of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in the Chinese oncology market was 37.0% and 8.7%, respectively, which is significantly lower than the global proportion of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. With the implementation of favorable policies, the approval of more targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs for marketing, it is expected that by 2030, the market share of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in China will rise to 43.8% and 12.8%, respectively.
In China, the tumor patient population is vast and the disease burden is heavy, with an increasing number of patients using targeted drugs and immunotherapy. In recent years, the state has actively promoted the inclusion of tumor targeted drugs within the scope of medical security.Before 2017, tumor-targeted drugs were not included in the medical insurance catalog. However, the number of tumor-targeted drugs in the 2023 National Medical Insurance Catalog has risen to 74, and there are now diverse choices for targeted drug use in many therapeutic areas. To ensure the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs and immunotherapy, the clinical demand for companion diagnostic reagents, which serve as a prerequisite and foundation for clinical application, is also expanding continuously, promoting the development of the domestic tumor companion diagnostic industry.
Source: Literature search, Frost & Sullivan analysis
In addition to the demand side, the 'Blue Book' also systematically analyzes the market drivers of the tumor molecular diagnosis track from the perspectives of technological development and policy evolution. It also looks ahead to the development direction of industry cooperation development models and commercialization models. Furthermore, the 'Blue Book' presents the changes in the market size of tumor companion diagnostics and its future development trends. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Tumor recurrence monitoring
Analysis of tumor recurrence monitoring
Tumor recurrence is an urgent clinical problem that needs to be addressed.Taking lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, which are among the top three causes of new cancer cases in China in 2022, as examples, the recurrence rates of these cancers are relatively high. Moreover, cancer patients at all stages, including early, middle, and late stages, need regular monitoring. For patients in the early and middle stages, after radical treatments such as surgery, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, etc., it is necessary to monitor for disease recurrence and metastasis; for patients in the middle and late stages, after chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and immunotherapy, it is necessary to promptly evaluate the efficacy and monitor for drug resistance.
Currently, the detection of tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigens used in clinical practice often has low specificity and frequently leads to the recurrence or metastasis of many patients while their tumor marker levels remain normal. Traditional imaging examinations have limitations such as low sensitivity and time lag, making it difficult to identify early recurrence tumor lesions. Often, by the time these can be detected, the patient's overall tumor burden is already high. Therefore, clinically, there is a need for tumor recurrence monitoring methods with high sensitivity and specificity to detect early signs of recurrence and metastasis in a timely and accurate manner, and to intervene accordingly to improve the patient's prognosis and survival rate.
Source: Literature search, Frost & Sullivan analysis
tumorAnalysis of the Clinical Significance of MRD Dynamic Monitoring
In the real clinical world,MRD dynamic monitoring can be used for long-term postoperative monitoring of tumor recurrence or metastasis risk. Zhang et al. published in 2022Cancer DiscoveryThe paper published inThe MRD test results remained negative for 3 to 6 months, with a non-reoccurrence probability of 96.8%, indicating that continuous negative MRD results can almost represent that the patient has been cured. Li et al. published the study 'The Value of MRD Monitoring in Early Lung Cancer Recurrence Risk Stratification and Recurrence Surveillance' in 2021. The dynamic assessment of ctDNA status during the perioperative period in patients with operable stage I-IIIA NSCLC showed that patients who were positive at any time post-surgery had significantly worse RFS and OS than those who remained negative. Compared to imaging-based ctDNA dynamic monitoring, which can indicate tumor recurrence earlier by a median of 8.71 months.
Secondly,The MRD test results can provide doctors with more decision support. If a patient's MRD test result is negative, it indicates that the surgery was relatively successful, and doctors may consider postponing immunoadjuvant therapy. This not only reduces treatment side effects but also lowers treatment costs, allowing for the effective allocation of medical resources. On the other hand, dynamic monitoring of MRD can accurately assess the expected effects of treatment plans, monitor disease progression, and guide adjustments to clinical treatment plans. When a long-term medication patient continues to have negative MRD results, doctors may consider initiating a drug holiday to reduce drug side effects and improve patient tolerance.
Source: Public information, Frost & Sullivan analysis
Application Analysis of MRD Detection in the Field of Hematological Oncology
The application of MRD detection in the field of hematological tumors has become relatively mature, mainly focusing on three types: acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The technology for detecting recurrence in hematological tumors has gone through stages including traditional morphological assessment, flow cytometry, imaging assessment, and molecular biology assessment. Currently, commonly used MRD detection technologies include flow cytometry, PCR technology, and NGS technology.
The 'Blue Book' sorts out the applicability and characteristics of various detection technologies in the field of hematological oncology. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Application Analysis of MRD Detection in the Field of Solid Tumors
ctDNA is a dynamic biomarker for real-time assessment of MRD and tumor recurrence risk. In actual clinical development, the main barriers to MRD detection based on ctDNA include insufficient sensitivity of detection technology, high difficulty in panel design, limited detection stages, and restricted types of detection.
Source: Public information, Frost & Sullivan analysis
The Blue Book sorts out solid tumorsTechnical Roadmap for MRD Detection —— The differential characteristics between tumor-informed analysis and tumor-agnostic analysis. Meanwhile, domestic molecular diagnostic companies have successively launched MRD dynamic monitoring products, mainly focusing on solid tumors. The 'Blue Book' includes some domestic companies' layouts in the field of tumor MRD dynamic monitoring. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
Analysis of the Development Trend of Tumor Recurrence Monitoring Industry
The Blue Book's outlook on the development trend of tumor recurrence monitoring industry is based onThe MRD detection business chain extends in three directions: business chain extension, digital and intelligent upgrading, and upgrade of health management services. In addition, the 'Blue Book' presents the changes in market scale and future development trends of tumor recurrence monitoring. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
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Capital market performance in the field of tumor molecular diagnosis
The Blue Book sorts out the tumor molecular diagnosis trackThe financing situation of domestic enterprises from 2019 to 2023, including the number of rounds, scale, and investors, can be found in the full report.
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Introduction to Some Companies in the Field of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis
Bolcheng
Boercheng was founded inIn 2006, adhering to the original aspiration of 'benefiting the people and being honest with all', centered on epigenetics and supplemented by multi-omics such as genomics and proteomics, we have delved deeply into the fields of early detection, early diagnosis, and early intervention for major diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and infectious diseases (hereinafter referred to as 'three earlys'). We have achieved diversified applications of IVD reagents, equipment, and testing services, aiming to become a leading enterprise in the 'three earlys' industry for major diseases, so as to keep more people away from major diseases.
Ruiyi Biology
Ruiyi Biotech is a company specializing in tumor precision detection, and has currently established branches in Hangzhou, Qingdao, and Hunan. Ruiyi Biotech is committed to the research and development of ultra-early, precise, safe, and well-compliant tumor early detection products, as well as the comprehensive automation and digital upgrading of detection processes. Its aim is to provide more efficient, professional, and precise medical services for major hospitals, health check-up centers, end-customers, etc. Its core product is Changyishu.®Early non-invasive detection products for colorectal cancer have been widely used in the market due to their excellent product performance and rigorous clinical validation.
Tongshu Gene
Tongshu Gene was establishedIn 2016, it was a high-tech enterprise centered on technological innovation, focusing on the research, development, production, and sales of tumor gene diagnosis. Headquartered in the Shanghai Baoshan Urban Engineering Science and Technology Oasis, it has established medical clinical testing centers and GMP-standard production centers that meet international standards in Shanghai and Changzhou respectively. Tongshu Gene has always adhered to the purpose of 'innovation' to create value for tumor patients. Relying on the 'multi-platform layout' strategy, it has built competitive advantages through gene testing services centered on NGS microarray library construction technology and a big data transformation research center based on tumor genomics specimen libraries, and has developed into a leading enterprise in the field of precision molecular diagnosis for tumors.
Yakangbo
Yakangbo was established inIn 2004, the brand originated from Tsinghua University and is one of the earliest national high-tech enterprises in China dedicated to the research, development, production, and provision of molecular diagnostic reagents related to 'individualized tumor treatment'. YAKANGBO also possesses the qualifications for the production and operation of related in vitro diagnostic products as well as independent third-party medical testing. It can provide a range of diagnostic products and testing services covering the entire cancer cycle, including early cancer screening, disease diagnosis, drug selection, efficacy testing, and prognosis assessment.
The 'Blue Book' introduces some companies in the field of tumor molecular diagnostics, including company profiles, development history, technology platforms, ongoing research products, core strengths, etc. For more detailed content, please refer to the full report.
